Determining Activation Energies and Relaxation Times of Individual Electron Traps by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy

E. N. Schulman and R. C. White

Physical Review B 52, 7864 (1995)

A method for determining the activation energies and relaxation times of electron traps is presented. The technique is applicable to traps across a broad bandwidth of switching frequencies, and can be easily automated. Examples are given, demonstrating precise determination of activation energy by scanning tunneling microscopy.